Grammar Topics Feb-2019

        Grammatical questions ( topics) asked in
        February 2019- Std-12 Board Examination.

               Set-wise questions and answers

SET : A

Q.1.(A)


A6. Grammar                 (2)
Rewrite the following sentences in the way instructed

(i) The paddy is ripe enough to harvest.
(Remove ‘enough’ and rewrite the sentence.)

(ii) How beautiful the sight was!
(Rewrite as an assertive sentence)

A6. Answer

(i) The paddy is so ripe that anyone can harvest it.
                        OR
(i) The paddy is so ripe that I/he/she/we/you/they/farmers can/should harvest.
it.
                         OR
(i) The pady is so ripe that it can/will/should be harvested.

(ii) The sight was very beautiful.

SET: A, B , C, D

Q.1.(B) Grammar      (3)

Do as directed

(1) When earthquake strikes, world trembles.
(Insert appropriate articles wherever necessary and rewrite it.)

(2) I spent my holiday _______ some friends ________ a wooden house.

(Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.)

(3) Radha said to the teacher, “I feel very happy to help my mother at home.”

(Change it into indirect speech.)

(B) Answers

(1) When an earthquake strikes, the world trembles.

(2) I spent my holiday with some friends in a wooden house.

(3) Radha told the teacher that she felt very happy to help her mother at home.


SET: A, B , C, D

Q.2.(A)
A6. Grammar           (2)
Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed.

(i) India and Maharashtra can progress only when there is oneness of interest.
( Use -Unless )

(ii) This state of Maharashtra will work for the betterment of the common people of Maharashtra.
(Rewrite it using modal auxiliary showing ‘obligation’

A6. Answer

(i) Unless there is oneness of interest, India and Maharashtra cannot progress.
                             OR
(i) India and Maharashtra cannot progress, unless there is oneness of interest.


(ii) This state of Maharashtra must work for the betterment of the common people of Maharashtra.


SET: A, B , C, D

Q.3.(A)

A6. Grammar         (2)

Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed.

(i) They have only one pair of wings.

(Make it negative without changing the meaning)

(ii) Insects have already adopted the tactic of disguise to escape from the clutches of their predators.
(Replace infinitive with gerund and rewrite)

A6. Answer

(i) They do not have more than one pair of wings.
                  OR
(i) They  have none but one pair of wings.
                  OR
(i) They have nothing but one pair of wings.

(ii) Insects have already adopted the tactic of disguise for escaping from the clutches of their predators.

 Set-B

A6. Grammar          (2)

Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed 


(i) He had won his laurels in athletic events and the silver medal in a running race.
(Rewrite the sentence using ‘not only...but also’)

(ii) When I saw the prizes, I was stupefied.

(Rewrite the sentence using ‘No sooner.... than’)

A6. Answer

(i) He had not only won his laurels in athletic events but alsoreceived a silver medal in running race.

(ii) No sooner did I see the prizes than I was stupefied.


Set-C

Q.1(A)

Grammar   (2)

Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed.



(i) He had learnt enough Green and Latin to read the classics in the original.

(Rewrite using ‘as well as’)


(ii) Doting parents often stunt the natural growth of their children through excessive adulation.

(Rewrite the sentence changing it into passive voice)

  Answers

(i) He had learnt enough Greek as well as Latin to read the classics in the original.

(ii) The natural growth of their children is often stunted through excessive adulation by the doting parents.

SET D

Q.1(A)

A6. Grammar    (2)

Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed.


(i) Seeing the hungry market, Dell placed local advertisement.

(Make it a compound sentence)


(ii) He added features to improve performance.

(Frame ‘Wh’ question to get the underlined part as an answer)

Answers:-

(i) Dell saw the hungry market and placed local advertisement.

(ii) Why did he add features?


****************************************

Uses of CONJUNCTIONS

   In grammar, a conjunction is a part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses that are called the conjuncts of the conjunctions. The term discourse marker is mostly used for conjunctions joining sentences

Conjunctions are little words like and, but,and or.  used to connect concepts, clauses, or parts of sentences.
From the grammatical point of view, some sentences are asked in the exam regarding conjunctions.  

***************************************
List Of Conjunctions

1..Co-Ordinating Conjunctions

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

2...Correlative Conjunctions

both/and, either/or, neither/nor, not only/but, whether/or

3...Some Subordinating Conjunctions

after, although, as, as if, as long as, as much as, as soon as, as though, because, before, by the time, even if, even though, if, in order that, in case, in the event that, inasmuch, just in case, lest , now that, once, only, only if, provided that, since, so, supposing, that, than, that, though, till (or ‘til), unless, until, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, whether or not, while

***************************************
Uses of Conjunctions

Conjunctions connect thoughts, ideas, actions, nouns, clauses, etc.

Vinod went to the market andbought fresh vegetables.

In this sentence, the conjunction and connects the two things Vinod did.

Vinod went to the market, and I went to the hardware store.

Here, and connects two sentences, preventing the choppiness which would arise if we used too many short sentences.

Conjunctions can also make lists.

She can’t decide between the blue shirt and the red shirt.

When using a conjunction, make sure that the parts which are being joined by the conjunction have a parallel structure (i.e. that they use the same verb forms, etc.)

Tejas Gaikwad worked quickly yet is careful.

is careful is not in the same form as quickly; this creates faulty parallelism. The verbs need to be in the same form.

Tejas Gaikwad  worked quickly yet carefully.

The two adverbs modify the verb worked.

I am quick yet careful.

The two adjectives modify the pronoun I.

**************************************

Coordinating Conjunctions

The coordinating conjunctions are conjunctions that join two independent clauses, or two nouns, or two verbs, etc. You can remember the coordinating conjunctions with the  acronym FANBOYS.

For ,And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So

Run and hide!

The coordinating conjunction connects the two verbs.

I didn’t have much money, but I was happy.

Here are two contrasting states of being: not having much money, and being happy.

We didn’t have much money or much food.

I had chocolate cake, and Michael had carrot cake.

Note the commas before the coordinating conjunctions which separate two independent clauses.

Correlative Conjunctions

Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together. Some examples are either/or, neither/nor and not only/but.

Not only am I finished studying for English, but I’m also finished my Physics.

I am finished both my English essay and my history essay.

Make sure that you use both conjunctions when writing. Sometimes when we speak, we get a little lazy; don’t leave a clause unfinished or else you’ll have a problem with faulty parallelism.

You could use either.

This is alright for conversation because you’ll have something in front of you to point to, giving you a visual clue.

You could use either the spoon.

This is an unfinished sentence; there is a problem with faulty parallelism here.

You could use either the spoon or the fork.

This sentence is perfect because it lists both things to be used.

Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions show a relationship between an independent and a dependent clause; some of the relationships can be cause-and-effect, and contrast. Some examples of subordinating conjunctions are because, since, as, although, though, while,and whereas.

She can stay out until the clock strikes twelve.
Here, the subordinating conjunction is connecting the two ideas: She can stay out and the clock strikes twelve.
Mother can leave the house as long as she has cleaned his room.
The teacher said that he was amazingly creative.
The subordinating conjunction doesn’t need to go in the middle of the sentence. It must be part of the dependent clause, but it doesn’t matter whether the clause is the first or second on in the sentence.

Before he leaves, make sure his room is clean.

If the dependent clause comes first, you’ll need a comma; if the independent clause comes first, you probably won’t need a comma.

Reema drank a glass of water because she was thirsty.

Because she was thirsty, she drank a glass of water.

When she asked why I wanted a glass of water, I could only answer “Because”, because I was so thirsty.

I’ve used a comma in this sentence only to separate the repeated because; this makes it clearer to the reader.
           
               Compiled By- Prof. D.S.Rathod
                                        (Moderator)

Irregular Verbs

Dear Friends/Students,

All verbs whether regular or irregular, have five forms [oftenalled principal parts]. These forms are the infinitive, simple present, simple past, past participle, and present participle.The difference between a regular and an irregular verb is the formation of the simple past and past participle. Regular verbs are dependably consistent—the simple past ends in ed as does the past participle.Here I am placing important verbs.  Check out this chart:  Where verbs are used as Infinitive Simple Past        Past Participle
arise	arose	arisen
awake	awakened / awoke	awakened / awoken
B
backslide	backslid	backslidden / backslid
be	was, were	been
bear	bore	born / borne
beat	beat	beaten / beat
become	became	become
begin	began	begun
bend	bent	bent
bet	bet / betted	bet / betted
bid (farewell)	bid / bade	bidden
bid (offer amount)	bid	bid
bind	bound	bound
bite	bit	bitten
bleed	bled	bled
blow	blew	blown
break	broke	broken
breed	bred	bred
bring	brought	brought
broadcast	kbroadcast / broadcasted	broadcast / broadcasted
browbeat	browbeat	browbeaten / browbeat
build	built	built
burn	burned / burnt	burned / burnt
burst	burst	burst
bust	busted / bust	busted / bust
buy	bought	bought
C
cast	cast	cast
catch	caught	caught
choose	chose	chosen
cling	clung	clung
clothe	clothed / clad	clothed / clad
come	came	come
cost	cost	cost
creep	crept	crept
crossbreed	crossbred	crossbred
cut	cut	cut
D
daydream	daydreamed / daydreamt	daydreamed / daydreamt
deal	dealt	dealt
dig	dug	dug
disprove	disproved	disproved / disproven
dive (jump head-first)	dove / dived	dived
dive (scuba diving)	dived / dove	dived
do	did	done
draw	drew	drawn
dream	dreamed / dreamt	dreamed / dreamt
drink	drank	drunk
drive	drove	driven
dwell	dwelt / dwelled	dwelt / dwelled
E
eat	ate	eaten
F
fall	fell	fallen
feed	fed	fed
feel	felt	felt
fight	fought	fought
find	found	found
fit (tailor, change size)	fitted / fit	fitted / fit
fit (be right size)	fit / fitted	fit / fitted
flee	fled	fled
fling	flung	flung
fly	flew	flown
forbid	forbade	forbidden
forecast	forecast	forecast
forego (also forgo)	forewent	foregone
foresee	foresaw	foreseen
foretell	foretold	foretold
forget	forgot	forgotten / forgot
forgive	forgave	forgiven
forsake	forsook	forsaken
freeze	froze	frozen
frostbite	frostbit	frostbitten
G
get	got	gotten / got
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
grind	ground	ground
grow	grew	grown
H
hand-feed	hand-fed	hand-fed
handwrite	handwrote	handwritten
hang	hung	hung
have	had	had
hear	heard	heard
hew	hewed	hewn / hewed
hide	hid	hidden
hit	hit	hit
hold	held	held
hurt	hurt	hurt
I
inbreed	inbred	inbred
inlay	inlaid	inlaid
input	input / inputted	input / inputted
interbreed	interbred	interbred
interweave	interwove / interweaved	interwoven / interweaved
interwind	interwound	interwound
J
jerry-build	jerry-built	jerry-built
K
keep	kept	kept
kneel	knelt / kneeled	knelt / kneeled
knit	knitted / knit	knitted / knit
know	knew	known
L
lay	laid	laid
lead	led	led
lean	leaned / leant	leaned / leant
leap	leaped / leapt	leaped / leapt
learn	learned / learnt	learned / learnt
leave	left	left
lend	lent	lent
let	let	let
lie	lay	lain
lie (not tell truth) REGULAR	lied	lied
light	lit / lighted	lit / lighted
lip-read	lip-read	lip-read
lose	lost	lost
M
make	made	made
mean	meant	meant
meet	met	met
miscast	miscast	miscast
misdeal	misdealt	misdealt
misdo	misdid	misdone
mishear	misheard	misheard
mislay	mislaid	mislaid
mislead	misled	misled
mislearn	mislearned / mislearnt	mislearned / mislearnt
misread	misread	misread
misset	misset	misset
misspeak	misspoke	misspoken
misspell	misspelled / misspelt	misspelled / misspelt
misspend	misspent	misspent
mistake	mistook	mistaken
misteach	mistaught	mistaught
misunderstand	misunderstood	misunderstood
miswrite	miswrote	miswritten
mow	mowed	mowed / mown
N
No irregular verbs beginning with "N."
O
offset	offset	offset
outbid	outbid	outbid
outbreed	outbred	outbred
outdo	outdid	outdone
outdraw	outdrew	outdrawn
outdrink	outdrank	outdrunk
outdrive	outdrove	outdriven
outfight	outfought	outfought
outfly	outflew	outflown
outgrow	outgrew	outgrown
outleap	outleaped / outleapt	outleaped / outleapt
outlie (not tell truth) REGULAR	outlied	outlied
outride	outrode	outridden
outrun	outran	outrun
outsell	outsold	outsold
outshine	outshined / outshone	outshined / outshone
outshoot	outshot	outshot
outsing	outsang	outsung
outsit	outsat	outsat
outsleep	outslept	outslept
outsmell	outsmelled / outsmelt	outsmelled / outsmelt
outspeak	outspoke	outspoken
outspeed	outsped	outsped
outspend	outspent	outspent
outswear	outswore	outsworn
outswim	outswam	outswum
outthink	outthought	outthought
outthrow	outthrew	outthrown
outwrite	outwrote	outwritten
overbid	overbid	overbid
overbreed	overbred	overbred
overbuild	overbuilt	overbuilt
overbuy	overbought	overbought
overcome	overcame	overcome
overdo	overdid	overdone
overdraw	overdrew	overdrawn
overdrink	overdrank	overdrunk
overeat	overate	overeaten
overfeed	overfed	overfed
overhang	overhung	overhung
overhear	overheard	overheard
overlay	overlaid	overlaid
overpay	overpaid	overpaid
override	overrode	overridden
overrun	overran	overrun
oversee	oversaw	overseen
oversell	oversold	oversold
oversew	oversewed	oversewn / oversewed
overshoot	overshot	overshot
oversleep	overslept	overslept
overspeak	overspoke	overspoken
overspend	overspent	overspent
overspill	overspilled / overspilt	overspilled / overspilt
overtake	overtook	overtaken
overthink	overthought	overthought
overthrow	overthrew	overthrown
overwind	overwound	overwound
overwrite	overwrote	overwritten
P
partake	partook	partaken
pay	paid	paid
plead	pleaded / pled	pleaded / pled
prebuild	prebuilt	prebuilt
predo	predid	predone
premake	premade	premade
prepay	prepaid	prepaid
presell	presold	presold
preset	preset	preset
preshrink	preshrank	preshrunk
proofread	proofread	proofread
prove	proved	proven / proved
put	put	put
Q
quick-freeze	quick-froze	quick-frozen
quit	quit / quitted	quit / quitted
R
read	read (sounds like "red")	read (sounds like "red")
reawake	reawoke	reawaken
rebid	rebid	rebid
rebind	rebound	rebound
rebroadcast	rebroadcast / rebroadcasted	rebroadcast / rebroadcasted
rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilt
recast	recast	recast
recut	recut	recut
redeal	redealt	redealt
redo	redid	redone
redraw	redrew	redrawn
refit (replace parts)	refit / refitted	refit / refitted
refit (retailor)	refitted / refit	refitted / refit
regrind	reground	reground
regrow	regrew	regrown
rehang	rehung	rehung
rehear	reheard	reheard
reknit	reknitted / reknit	reknitted / reknit
relay (for example tiles)	relaid	relaid
relay (pass along) REGULAR	relayed	relayed
relearn	relearned / relearnt	relearned / relearnt
relight	relit / relighted	relit / relighted
remake	remade	remade
repay	repaid	repaid
reread	reread	reread
rerun	reran	rerun
resell	resold	resold
resend	resent	resent
reset	reset	reset
resew	resewed	resewn / resewed
retake	retook	retaken
reteach	retaught	retaught
retear	retore	retorn
retell	retold	retold
rethink	rethought	rethought
retread	retread	retread
retrofit	retrofitted / retrofit	retrofitted / retrofit
rewake	rewoke / rewaked	rewaken / rewaked
rewear	rewore	reworn
reweave	rewove / reweaved	rewoven / reweaved
rewed	rewed / rewedded	rewed / rewedded
rewet	rewet / rewetted	rewet / rewetted
rewin	rewon	rewon
rewind	rewound	rewound
rewrite	rewrote	rewritten
rid	rid	rid
ride	rode	ridden
ring	rang	rung
rise	rose	risen
roughcast	roughcast	roughcast
run	ran	run
S
sand-cast	sand-cast	sand-cast
saw	sawed	sawed / sawn
say	said	said
see	saw	seen
seek	sought	sought
sell	sold	sold
send	sent	sent
set	set	set
sew	sewed	sewn / sewed
shake	shook	shaken
shave	shaved	shaved / shaven
shear	sheared	sheared / shorn
shed	shed	shed
shine	shined / shone	shined / shone
shit	shit / shat / shitted	shit/ shat / shitted
shoot	shot	shot
show	showed	shown / showed
shrink	shrank / shrunk	shrunk
shut	shut	shut
sight-read	sight-read	sight-read
sing	sang	sung
sink	sank / sunk	sunk
sit	sat	sat
slay (kill)	slew / slayed	slain / slayed
slay (amuse) REGULAR	slayed	slayed
sleep	slept	slept
slide	slid	slid
sling	slung	slung
slink	slinked / slunk	slinked / slunk
slit	slit	slit
smell	smelled / smelt	smelled / smelt
sneak	sneaked / snuck	sneaked / snuck
sow	sowed	sown / sowed
speak	spoke	spoken
speed	sped / speeded	sped / speeded
spell	spelled / spelt	spelled / spelt
spend	spent	spent
spill	spilled / spilt	spilled / spilt
spin	spun	spun
spit	spit / spat	spit / spat
split	split	split
spoil	spoiled / spoilt	spoiled / spoilt
spoon-feed	spoon-fed	spoon-fed
spread	spread	spread
spring	sprang / sprung	sprung
stand	stood	stood
steal	stole	stolen
stick	stuck	stuck
sting	stung	stung
stink	stunk / stank	stunk
strew	strewed	strewn / strewed
stride	strode	stridden
strike (delete)	struck	stricken
strike (hit)	struck	struck / stricken
string	strung	strung
strive	strove / strived	striven / strived
sublet	sublet	sublet
sunburn	sunburned / sunburnt	sunburned / sunburnt
swear	swore	sworn
sweat	sweat / sweated	sweat / sweated
sweep	swept	swept
swell	swelled	swollen / swelled
swim	swam	swum
swing	swung	swung
T
take	took	taken
teach	taught	taught
tear	tore	torn
telecast	telecast	telecast
tell	told	told
test-drive	test-drove	test-driven
test-fly	test-flew	test-flown
think	thought	thought
throw	threw	thrown
thrust	thrust	thrust
tread	trod	trodden / trod
typecast	typecast	typecast
typeset	typeset	typeset
typewrite	typewrote	typewritten
U
unbend	unbent	unbent
unbind	unbound	unbound
unclothe	unclothed / unclad	unclothed / unclad
underbid	underbid	underbid
undercut	undercut	undercut
underfeed	underfed	underfed
undergo	underwent	undergone
underlie	underlay	underlain
undersell	undersold	undersold
underspend	underspent	underspent
understand	understood	understood
undertake	undertook	undertaken
underwrite	underwrote	underwritten
undo	undid	undone
unfreeze	unfroze	unfrozen
unhang	unhung	unhung
unhide	unhid	unhidden
unknit	unknitted / unknit	unknitted / unknit
unlearn	unlearned / unlearnt	unlearned / unlearnt
unsew	unsewed	unsewn / unsewed
unsling	unslung	unslung
unspin	unspun	unspun
unstick	unstuck	unstuck
unstring	unstrung	unstrung
unweave	unwove / unweaved	unwoven / unweaved
unwind	unwound	unwound
uphold	upheld	upheld
upset	upset	upset
V
No commonly used irregular verbs beginning with "V." To view our extended dictionary including rare and antiquated forms, Click Here.
W
wake	woke / waked	woken / waked
waylay	waylaid	waylaid
wear	wore	worn
weave	wove / weaved	woven / weaved
wed	wed / wedded	wed / wedded
weep	wept	wept
wet	wet / wetted	wet / wetted
whet  REGULAR	whetted	whetted
win	won	won
wind	wound	wound
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn
withhold	withheld	withheld
withstand	withstood	withstood
wring	wrung	wrung
write	wrote	written
X
No irregular verbs beginning with "X."
Y
No irregular verbs beginning with "Y."
Z
No irregular verbs beginning with "Z."

Q- 7 B Speech Writing -

                            

                                 Std- Xll English 

                                  Activity Sheet

                              Q-7 B.......3 marks

                                Speech Writing

     Speech on Teacher on behalf of Teacher's Day

 Ans:    Respected Principal, Respected teachers and my dear fellow Students,

   It feels great to welcome you all to this auspicious occasion; since we have gathered in Mpl. College of Arts & Scolience  to celebrate one of the most admirable occasions i.e. Teacher’s Day, it’s an opportunity for me to share few words about teachers, their role in schools and colleges and their influence on the students.

     Teachers are the backbone of our society because they majorly contribute in shaping the future of a nation, i.e. students and guide them in becoming an ideal citizen of the country. Teacher’s job is full of responsibility and challenges because not every student is same and thus the teacher has to be dynamic and adopt different teaching patterns for different students. Teaching is a social practice and more than knowledge, a teacher must be a good human being who can very well shoulder the responsibility of his/her job and understand the sensitivity of the situation where students from different backgrounds have come together for learning and thus apply skills and knowledge to the best of his/her capacity while teaching.

    Some of the qualities which every teacher must possess in order to become most acceptable are:

    Enthusiasm – It is a known fact that teachers who show enthusiasm while teaching create a positive atmosphere and learning environment which help students in gaining knowledge fast and with fun. These teachers don’t follow the uniform pattern instead, they innovate teaching methods to keep the students engaged and enthusiastic.

    The most important role a teacher plays is in motivating the students; some of the students find their teacher to be a role model and try to imitate them. Thus it is very important that the teacher leaves a positive impression on each student.

    Interaction with learners – It is very important for the teacher to indulge into transparent and open discussion with the students in order to understand the capability of the learner. Some students are shy, while other may be afraid of failure. A teacher is highly trusted to build up the student emotionally and practically.

     Conventionally, teaching is considered equivalent to praying. In olden days, parents used to leave their children in gurukul (a kind of residential school where students live with the teacher for studies). This tradition was greatly supported by the trust and bond between the parents and teachers. Even today, trust is one of the most important factors which motivate parents to get their children admitted in a particular school. A teacher is considered to be the alternate parents; this makes teaching all the more challenging and full of accountability.

    In recent days, we get to hear a lot about corporal punishment. Some of the teachers get barbaric and beat students so badly that some of them don’t even survive. This is highly restricted in all over India. Though it is important for the teachers to be strict sometimes but there can be alternate methods to punish the students than harming them physically.

    Well, I would like to end this note with a huge thanks to our teachers who are so caring and compassionate. We are highly honoured to be a part of our  college .

        Thank You!

A question tag

   A question tag (also known as question tail) is a grammatical  structure in which a declarativetor an imperative statement is turned into an interrogative fragment Questions. As a part of grammar, a question on (Add a question tag) is usually asked in the examination.

We add question tags to the end of statements to turn them into questions. They are used in spoken language, especially when we want to check something is true, or invite people to agree with us. We add a clause in the form of a question at the end of a sentence.

A tag question is a small question that is attached , or "tagged", to the end of a sentence. Rather than repeat the main verb, a form of "be" or other auxiliary verb or modal is used in the tag. Below are a few examples.

You came by train, didn’t you?
It’s very windy today, isn’t it?
You can meet me at the station, can’t you?
You couldn’t give me a ride, could you?

Sentence Pattern

If the sentence is negative, the tag is usually positive, as in the example below.

You didn’t tell him, did you?

Note: Sentences with negative words are considered to be negative. Therefore, they require positive tag question endings, as in these examples:

He never drinks alcohol, does he?
Nobody left a message, did they?

If the sentence is positive, the tag is usually negative, as in the next example.

You told him, didn’t you?

Twelve Rules for Tag Questions

1. After “let’s”, the tag begins with “shall”.
Let’s invite the neighbours over for dinner on the weekend, shall we?

2. Use “aren’t I” in tags to mean “I am not”.
I’m on time, aren’t I? (correct)
I’m on time, am’t I? (incorrect)

3. Use “won’t” for polite request tags.
You’ll bring the other things, won’t you?
Use “will” or “would” with imperative sentences (commands).
Wait here until I return, will you?
Wait here until I return, would you?

5. Use “mustn’t” with the modal “must”.
This must be the address, mustn’t it?

6. Two endings are possible when “have” is the main verb of the sentence.
You have enough money, haven’t you? (British English)
You have enough money, don’t you? (North American English)

7. Use pronouns for people, not proper names, in question tags.
Paul is a good tennis player, isn’t he?
Betty has a good job, hasn’t she? 

8. Use “it” in a question tag when the sentence includes the words “this” or “that”.
This is your pen, isn’t it?

9. Use “they” in a question tag when the sentence includes “these” or “those”.
Those are your sandals, aren’t they?

10.Use “there” in a question tag when the sentences includes “there + a form of be”.
There is a lot of work to do today, isn’t there?

11. Use “they” in a question tag when the sentence includes indefinite pronouns
(nobody, no one, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody).
Everyone is here now, aren’t they?
Nobody has eaten yet, have they?

12. Use “didn’t” in a question tag when the sentence includes the verb “used to”.
You used to go skating very often, didn’t you?

खुट्टे गाढ खुट्टे ऊपढ- गोर माटीम खूटान महत्व

खुट्टे गाढ खुट्टे ऊपढ- गोर माटीम खूटान महत्व 

​वाते मुंगा मोलारी
           *My swan song*
खुट्टे गाढ खुट्टे ऊपढ

पेना एक तांडेमं एक परिवर्तनवादी माटी रं.पणन नायक, कारभारीनं ओर परिवर्तनवादी विचारेनं विरोध रं.नायक, कारभारीनं लोकूर नसाब करन लोकूनं दांडदुंड करन  खायेर बल्ला आदत रं.पणन इ परिवर्तनवादी माटी ओनेर कायीज कोनी चाले देतोतो.तांडेर आसामी भी ये परिवर्तनवादी माटीन साथ देये लाग.चळवळीन गती मळे लाग,नायकेन घोर पडे लागो.
     नायक एक दन कारभारीन घरं बला लिदो.केये लागो क, कारभारी.! कायी करीया आबं? इ माटी तो आपणे पेटेपं टांग देये लागो?येर काटो काडे सवायी आपणेनं गती छेनी.न तो इ माटी आपणेनं *धोबी का कुत्ता ना घर का ना घाट का*आस गती कर नाकीये..!कारभारी केये लागो क, कायी करणू लागीये पचं आपणेनं?
    नायकेर केणो हुओ क, कारभारी, मुड्यांगं होळी आरी छ नी कलागो..! होळीम केरी न केरी घर धुंड तो रचजं नी; धुंडेमं खुट्टा गाढेरो अन ओन वखडेरो अन वखडतूवणा गेरीयानं मारेरो इ कारीया रचजं नी कलागो.!
      कारभारीनं पटगी माटा वात.केये लागो क, येमं ओ माटीर काटो काढनाका कलागो…!कारीया फिक्स..!!
       आयी भा एक दन होळी.नायक, से तांडेवाळेन बलायो.केये लागो क, सामळो रे भा.गेरीयाओ!नवो दन आरो छ…कुण मरं कुण बचं; आज खावं छा, सवारेर भरोसो छेइ!होळीमं रम लो, नाचो कुदो.धुमधामेती होळी मनाओ कलागो..!
       होळी बाळीयाये.धुंडेवाळे घरं दी खुट्टा गाडेन लगा दिने.खुट्टा गाडेवाळ नायकेर दलाल रं.दी गाठाळे खुट्टा मजबूत गाढ दिने.खुट्टा वखडेर कारीया सुरू वेगो.ओमं इ परिवर्तनवादी माटी भी भळ गो.ओनं कायी मालम बिचारेनं ये क्लासिकल गोरमाटीर कावा?
       खुट्टा वखडेवाळेरो एक पक्ष रचं अन ओनं विरोध करेवाळो एक पक्ष रचं.खुट्टा वखडेवाळेनं विरोध करेवाळ दंडा वणान मारचं.
     हानु खुट्टा वखडतूवणा ये परिवर्तनवादी माटीर माकडीमं एक चोट मार दिने..माटी एके चोटेती भमळा गो…मर गो..!
         पोलीस, एस.पी.चोकसी करेन आवगे…!
एस.पी.- क्या नायक ये आदमी को किसने मारा?
नायक-एस.पी.सायेब…! हमारे होली मे खुट्टा गाढने का और ऊसे ऊखाडने का एक प्रोग्राम होता है!ऊस मे एक पक्ष खुट्टा ऊखाडनेवाला होता है! दुसरा पक्ष खुट्टा ऊखाडनेवाले को मारनेवाला रहता है, ऊसमे यह आदमी मर गया..कलागो..!
      एस.पी- ये बताओ..!खुट्टा गाढते क्यूं और ऊसे ऊखाडते क्यूं.?
नायक- गाढनाज पडता कलागो.
एस.पी.- मरेतक मारते क्यूं?
नायक-  त्योहारज वैसा है कलागो.
साले गोरमाटी खुट्टे गाढ खुट्टे ऊपढ है केन चलो गो..!
भियाओ! आसे धंदाती आपण 70 साल होटो चले गे छा.विचार करो..संघटित वो..जेर लायकी छ ओर टांग पकडन होटो मत खिचो.
भाषार विकास इ ओ भाषिक लोकगणेर विकास रचं.इ धेनेमं रकाडो.कालेन आपणो वाड;मयीन सोबती एकनाथ गोफणे युनेस्कोर एक जागतिक रिपोर्ट दिनो छ ये शतकेरे आखरीताणू जगेरी 6000 भाषा पैकी 3000 हाजार भाषा मरेवाळी छ
  ये मरेवाळी भाषार यादीमं गोरबोली भाषारो नाम, नंबर न रेणू निदान येर तो भो काळजी ला
     भांडवली व्यवस्था दनेतीदन बळकट वेती जारी छ.गामेर सरपंच इ थेट जनता माइती निवडन जाणू आसो कायदो वेगो छ.गरीबेनं सत्ता, संपती, प्रतिष्ठा माइती भार फेकेर कोसीस चालरी छ.महा नायक वसंतराव नायकेर सत्तार विकेद्रिंकरणेर सपनेर चुराडो कररे छ..
       गोरमाटी भियाओ! तम भी ये भांडवली व्यवस्थानं खतपाणी घालो.साहित्य संमेलनेरो अध्यक्ष इ शहरी भागेरो अन ओ भी ऊच्च विद्याविभूषित रेणू …करो इ मनमानी ..?
     मनं  कुणसी लेखकेरो विरोध छेनी..कुणसीज पदेर भी मनं लालच छेनी..म. फुलेर केणी छ क, ग्रामीण भागेर छच्यापरेन सिकायेवाळो मास्तर इ ग्रामीण भागेरोज रेणू..! तांडोपेडो, ग्रामीण साहित्य संमेलनेरो अध्यक्ष इ तांडा, वाडी,खेडी, पाडा, बेडा जीवन जगेवाळो रेणू जनाज ऊ खाळ्या, रुंगळी,खेराळी, खेचडी, गावडी भेसीर गोबर मुतेती; ग्रामीण जीवनेर आसली कडापेती  इमान रकाडीये..हानू जेष्ठ साहित्यिक डाॅ.विठ्ठल वाघेर केणी छ..!
     तांडो आज भाषिक न्युनगंडेम छ.पुस्तकेर भाषा तांडेर छच्यापरेनं कळरी कोनी छ..तांडेमं वसती शाळा रेणू..ओ शाळामं एक मास्तर गोरबोली भाषिक रेणू..इ मांगणी कनायी किदे कायी? मार तांडेम वसती शाळा छ..आ.सुधाकरराव नायक साहेबेर इ देण छ.
   त॔टा मुक्ती कार्यक्रम रबान गोरगणेर नसाब इ आइडिंटी खोडन काडेर आतं प्रयत्न हूवो जना कतं चलेगेते ये नसाबी?नसाबेनं घटनात्मक दर्जा मळणू येरवासं कनायी कोसीस किदे कायी?
खुट्टे गाढ खुट्टे ऊपठ,ये संस्कृतीर वारस छा नी?
             भीमणीपुत्र
        मोहन गणुजी नायिक
सौजन्य: प्रा.दिनेश सेवा राठोड 

अनुवाद,संपादन,लेखन चळवळ ई गोरुर सवारेर उज्वल भवितव्येर नांदी छ..!*

                वाते मुंगा मोलारी मोलारी
                   My swan song

कायी गोरुरो राजकीय,सामाजिक अन सांस्कृतिक अस्तित्व धोकेम आवगो छ. ??
अनुवाद,संपादन,लेखन चळवळ ई गोरुर सवारेर उज्वल भवितव्येर  नांदी छ..!
_____________________________________________
      *आवो एकजागं भळा..अमीर उमराव बेसका करा..गोरुर गौरवशाली इतिहास हुबो करा...!!*
         गोरमाटी तांडेर मानवतावादी वाड;मयीन संस्कृती,गोरुर जीवनशैली,सौंदर्य संपन्न गोरबोली भाषा,मौखिक वाड;मयेर ओळख जगदनीयारी से भाषामं वेयेर नंजरेती साहित्य चळवळीमं अनुवादेरो मोल घणो मोटो रचं.आज गोरगणेर सायित्य चळवळीमं "अनुवाद क्रांतीरो" एक नवो पगला जयराम पवार उपजिल्हाधिकारी सायेब वटायो छ.इ नक्कीज गोरगणेर वेस अन हिंमाणीर ओळख मराठी भाषिक लोकून करन देयेवाळो एक क्रांतीकारी पगला ठरेवाळो छ.
           आसे पगलाती एक भाषिक समाजेर मूळ संस्कृती,विचारधारा,जीवनशैलीर ओळख दुसरे भाषिक लोकुताणू पुचती रचं.जसो महाकवी कालिदासेरो संस्कृत सायित्येर ओळख इंग्रजी भाषा अनुवादेती जगदनीयार लोकून हुयी.महकवी कालिदासेर साहित्येर इंग्रजी अनुवादेती भारतेर साहित्य जगभर प्रसिद्ध हुवो.
    आज गोर सायित्य चळवळीम संपादन,लेखन,अनुवाद चळवळीरो एक नवो पगला उपडरो छ.इ घण आणदेर वात छ. भीमणीपुत्र लिखित मराठी भाषा माईरो *गोरपान गोरबोलीतील भाषा सौंदर्य* ये सायित्यकृतीनं प्रा.दिनेश सेवा राठोड इंग्रजी भाषाम लाताणी गोरबोली भाषारो रुप सौंदर्येर ओळख सारी जगदनीयार लोकून करन दिनो.गोरबोली भाषा सायित्य अन गोरुर मानवतावादी वाड;मयीन संस्कृतीर ओळख आज जगेनं वेरी छ.
         डाॅ.जे.जे.रायबर्मन बांगलादेश इ प्रख्यात इंग्रजी लेखक मार घरं १५ मुक्काम करन मार *गोरमाटी संस्कृती आणि संकेत* येर संदर्भेर आधार लेन *इथनाग्राफी ऑफ ए डिनोटीफाईड ट्राईब द लमाण बंजारा* ये इंग्रजी पुस्तकेर माध्यमेती गोरुर नवलक मौखिक वाड;मयीन संस्कृतीर ओळख जगदनीयार लोकून किदो छ.
          आदिवासी लेखिका माता स्वेतादेवी ये आत्माराम कनिराम राठोडेर *तांडा* आत्मचरित्रेर भाषांतर करन तांडा सायित्येर, जीवनशैलीर ओळख जगभर प्रसिद्ध करमेली छ.
         "फन्डामेंटल रिसर्च सेंटरेर टिम मार मुलाखत लेन तांडा जीवनशैलीर ओळख डिजिटल उपस्थितीमंडळ लान जगप्रसिद्ध करमेले छ.
       प्रा.रविंद्र ब.राठोड नागपूर येथे सोशल मिडिया परेर विकरायी हुवी मार *वाते मुंगा मोलारी* My swan song ये सायिय सदरेर संपादन करन सेनं वाचेसारु उपलब्ध करमेले छ.सुनील राठोड मेघावत बदलापूर मुंबई ये आर्थिक हातभार लगान संपादन चळवळीनं गती देयेर प्रयत्न कररो छ.
       राजकारणे पेक्षा सायित्य चळवळीर ताकत घण प्रभावी रचं येरो भान आज गोर वचारी,उद्योगपती अन शब्द सैनिकेऊनं आवगो छ.इ गोरगणेर सवारेर उज्वल भवितव्येर नांदी छ.
            एकेवडी गोरबोली भाषा सायित्य अन तांडा जीवनशैलीर नवलाई जगदनीयार अभ्यासकेनं नवलक वाटरी छ तोपर दुसरीवडी  गोरुर संघटना माईर मतमतातंर,राजकीय चळवळी माईर गोर नेताऊर पक्षबाजी धोरण ये से वातेती गोरुरो राजकीय,सामाजिक अन सांस्कृतिक अस्तित्व धोकेम आवगो छ.येनं कू आवरतू आये ? येर चिंतन डायसाण पातळीपं वेणू गरजेर छ.
        डावोसाणो वचारी मिलिंद पवार सायेबेरो केणो भी धेनेम लेणू लागेवाळो छ. ओनेर केणी छ क, "एक जमानेमं गोर भी गडपती रं! ये गडपतीऊर वारसेन आज कोरीकोर जू नचारे जू नाचरे छ.न्यावेर भागा मांगरे छा ऊ भी मळरो कोनी छ." ये वघमेपं आबं एकज इलाज छ,सोतार ताकत बडाणू पडीये...गोर बंजारारी आची वाते कोरुताणू पुचाणू पडीये...आपणो गौरवशाली इतिहास वजाळेम लाणू लागीये इ काळेर गरज छ".मिलिंद पवारेर इ वचार वाजवी छ..!

*आवो एकजागं भळा..अमीर उमराव बेसका करा...तांडेरो सवारेरो भविष्य उजळ करा!!*

                *भीमणीपुत्र*
          *मोहन गणुजी नायक*